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网站开发中，如何实现图片的懒加载

更多描述网站开发中，如何实现图片的懒加载，随着 web 技术的发展，他有没有一些更好的方案

Issue 欢迎在 Gtihub Issue 中回答此问题: Issue 1

Author 回答者: shfshanyue

懒加载，顾名思义，在当前网页，滑动页面到能看到图片的时候再加载图片

故问题拆分成两个：

如何判断图片出现在了当前视口（即如何判断我们能够看到图片）
如何控制图片的加载

方案一: 位置计算 + 滚动事件 (Scroll) + DataSet API

如何判断图片出现在了当前视口

clientTop，offsetTop，clientHeight 以及 scrollTop 各种关于图片的高度作比对

这些高度都代表了什么意思？

这我以前有可能是知道的，那时候我比较单纯，喜欢死磕。我现在想通了，背不过的东西就不要背了

所以它有一个问题：复杂琐碎不好理解！

仅仅知道它静态的高度还不够，我们还需要知道动态的

如何动态？监听 window.scroll 事件

如何控制图片的加载

<img data-src="shanyue.jpg" />

首先设置一个临时 Data 属性 data-src，控制加载时使用 src 代替 data-src，可利用 DataSet API 实现

img.src = img.datset.src

方案二: getBoundingClientRect API + Scroll with Throttle + DataSet API

改进一下

如何判断图片出现在了当前视口

引入一个新的 API， Element.getBoundingClientRect() 方法返回元素的大小及其相对于视口的位置。

那如何判断图片出现在了当前视口呢，根据示例图示意，代码如下，这个就比较好理解了，就可以很容易地背会(就可以愉快地去面试了)。

// clientHeight 代表当前视口的高度
img.getBoundingClientRect().top < document.documentElement.clientHeight;

监听 window.scroll 事件也优化一下

加个节流器，提高性能。工作中一般使用 lodash.throttle 就可以了，万能的 lodash 啊！

_.throttle(func, [(wait = 0)], [(options = {})]);

参考什么是防抖和节流，他们的应用场景有哪些，或者前端面试题

方案三: IntersectionObserver API + DataSet API

再改进一下

如何判断图片出现在了当前视口

方案二使用的方法是: window.scroll 监听 Element.getBoundingClientRect() 并使用 _.throttle 节流

一系列组合动作太复杂了，于是浏览器出了一个三合一事件: IntersectionObserver API，一个能够监听元素是否到了当前视口的事件，一步到位！

事件回调的参数是 IntersectionObserverEntry 的集合，代表关于是否在可见视口的一系列值

其中，entry.isIntersecting 代表目标元素可见

const observer = new IntersectionObserver((changes) => {
  // changes: 目标元素集合
  changes.forEach((change) => {
    // intersectionRatio
    if (change.isIntersecting) {
      const img = change.target;
      img.src = img.dataset.src;
      observer.unobserve(img);
    }
  });
});
 
observer.observe(img);

当然，IntersectionObserver 除了给图片做懒加载外，还可以对单页应用资源做预加载。

如在 next.js v9 中，会对视口内的资源做预加载，可以参考 next 9 production optimizations

<Link href="/about">
  <a>关于山月</a>
</Link>

方案四: LazyLoading属性

浏览器觉得懒加载这事可以交给自己做，你们开发者加个属性就好了。实在是…！

<img src="shanyue.jpg" loading="lazy" />

不过目前浏览器兼容性不太好，关于 loading 属性的文章也可以查看 Native image lazy-loading for the web!

Author 回答者: hanhang123

intersectionObserver

Author 回答者: AgnesWY

比较单纯，喜欢死磕。我现在想通了，背不过的东西就不要背了！！！

Author 回答者: Kiera569

那时候我比较单纯，喜欢死磕。我现在想通了，背不过的东西就不要背了

Author 回答者: haiifeng

那时候我比较单纯，喜欢死磕。我现在想通了，背不过的东西就不要背了

Author 回答者: hwb2017

方案二的简单Demo:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>图片懒加载</title>
    <style>
      img {
        width: 100%;
        height: 600px;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <img
      src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2021/08/24/15/38/sand-6570980_960_720.jpg"
      alt="1"
    />
    <img
      src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/02/21/19/06/drink-84533_960_720.jpg"
      alt="2"
    />
    <img
      data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/12/15/17/16/boardwalk-569314_960_720.jpg"
      alt="3"
    />
    <img
      data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/07/18/20/26/sea-164989_960_720.jpg"
      alt="4"
    />
    <img
      data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/04/23/22/00/tree-736885_960_720.jpg"
      alt="5"
    />
    <img
      data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/03/26/21/54/yoga-2176668_960_720.jpg"
      alt="6"
    />
    <img
      data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/03/17/14/05/sparkler-677774_960_720.jpg"
      alt="7"
    />
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/lodash.js/4.17.20/lodash.js"></script>
    <script>
      const images = document.querySelectorAll("img");
      const lazyLoad = () => {
        images.forEach((item) => {
          // 触发条件为img元素的CSSOM对象到视口顶部的距离 < 100px + 视口高度，+100px为了提前触发图片加载
          if (
            item.getBoundingClientRect().top <
            document.documentElement.clientHeight + 100
          ) {
            if ("src" in item.dataset) {
              item.src = item.dataset.src;
            }
          }
        });
      };
      document.addEventListener("scroll", _.throttle(lazyLoad, 200));
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

Author 回答者: shfshanyue

@hwb2017 可以在 codepen 里写一下，然后附个地址

Author 回答者: hwb2017

方案二的Demo(CodePen) https://codepen.io/hwb2017/pen/BaZKeLa

Author 回答者: Ha0ran2001

在react hook中要怎么应用？看到这篇文章https://juejin.cn/post/6844903768966856717，但是改成 useRef 不行，hook 不能在循环中使用

Author 回答者: liucan233

方案一的实现demo，ScrollListener类用于监听和处理滚动，在Controller（实现onEnterViewport方法）元素出现在视窗内时调用controller.onEnterViewport()，最后移除controller。

<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge" />
    <title>offsetTop计算实现图片懒加载</title>
    <style>
      body {
        margin: 0;
      }
      .img {
        width: 100%;
        height: 100%;
        object-fit: cover;
        object-position: center;
      }
 
      .wrap {
        margin: 10px;
        display: inline-block;
        width: 480px;
        height: 270px;
      }
 
      .container {
        width: 100vw;
        height: 100vh;
        overflow: auto;
      }
 
      h1 {
        text-align: center;
      }
 
      .main {
        margin: 0;
        width: 2000px;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
 
  <body>
    <section class="container">
      <h1>请滚动页面查看效果</h1>
      <div class="main"></div>
    </section>
  </body>
  <script defer>
    "use strict";
 
    // 图片url列表
    const images = [
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/Latern2022_ZH-CN0112710917_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/MaldivesHeart_ZH-CN0032539727_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/FaceOff_ZH-CN9969100257_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/DarwinsArch_ZH-CN9740478501_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/TeaGardensMunnar_ZH-CN9587720369_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/SnowyBern_ZH-CN5472524801_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/SevenSistersCliffs_ZH-CN5362127173_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/SpeloncatoSnow_ZH-CN8115437163_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/WinterludeIce_ZH-CN7868524911_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/Oymyakon_ZH-CN7758768574_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/MexicoMonarchs_ZH-CN7526758236_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "https://h2.ioliu.cn/bing/WinterOlymics_ZH-CN7384614076_640x480.jpg?imageslim",
      "233",
    ];
 
    // 未加载时默认url
    const defaultUrl =
      "data:image/svg+xml;base64,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";
 
    // 加载错误时代替
    const errorUrl =
      "data:image/svg+xml;base64,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";
 
    // 滚动监听和防抖
    class ScrollListener {
      entries = [];
      taskId = 0;
 
      constructor() {
        document.addEventListener("scroll", this.scrollDebounce.bind(this), {
          capture: true,
          passive: true,
        });
      }
 
      isInViewport(controller) {
        let offsetTop = 0,
          offsetLeft = 0,
          el = controller.el,
          scrollTop = 0,
          scrollLeft = 0,
          html = document.documentElement;
        while (el && el !== html) {
          offsetTop = offsetTop + el.offsetTop;
          offsetLeft = offsetLeft + el.offsetLeft;
          el = el.offsetParent;
        }
 
        el = controller.el;
        while (el) {
          scrollTop += el.scrollTop;
          scrollLeft += el.scrollLeft;
          el = el.parentElement;
        }
        offsetTop -= scrollTop;
        offsetLeft -= scrollLeft;
 
        el = controller.el;
        return (
          offsetTop < html.scrollTop + innerHeight &&
          offsetTop + el.clientHeight > html.scrollTop &&
          offsetLeft < html.scrollLeft + innerWidth &&
          offsetLeft + el.clientWidth > html.scrollLeft
        );
      }
 
      scrollDebounce() {
        if (this.taskId) {
          clearTimeout(this.taskId);
        }
        this.taskId = setTimeout(this.handleScroll.bind(this), 200);
      }
 
      addController(controller) {
        this.entries.push(controller);
        this.scrollDebounce();
      }
 
      handleScroll() {
        this.entries = this.entries.filter((controller) => {
          return !controller.blob;
        });
        this.entries.forEach((controller) => {
          if (this.isInViewport(controller)) {
            controller.onEnterViewport();
          }
        });
      }
    }
 
    // 图片控制对象
    class ImageController {
      img = "";
      blob = null;
      el = null;
      wrap = null;
      constructor(
        url = "",
        parent = document.body,
        className = "wrap",
        el = document.createElement("img"),
      ) {
        el.src = defaultUrl;
        el.classList.add("img");
 
        this.el = el;
        this.img = url;
 
        this.wrap = document.createElement("div");
        this.wrap.classList.add(className);
        this.wrap.append(el);
        parent.append(this.wrap);
      }
 
      showImage() {
        const target = this;
        this.fetchImage().then(() => {
          target.el.src = this.blob;
        });
      }
 
      showLoading() {
        this.el.src = defaultUrl;
      }
 
      showError() {
        this.el.src = errorUrl;
      }
 
      onEnterViewport() {
        this.showImage();
      }
 
      async fetchImage() {
        if (typeof fetch !== "function") {
          this.thowError();
          throw new Error("浏览器不支持fetch接口");
        }
 
        // 如果已经加载过，直接返回
        if (!this.blob) {
          const target = this;
          return fetch(this.img)
            .then((res) => {
              if (res.status > 199 && res.status < 300) return res.blob();
              else return Promise.reject();
            })
            .then((blob) => {
              if (/image/.test(blob.type)) return URL.createObjectURL(blob);
              else return Promise.reject();
            })
            .then((url) => {
              target.blob = url;
            })
            .catch(() => {
              target.showError();
              throw new Error("URL不正确或MIME类型不正确");
            });
        }
      }
    }
 
    const scrollListener = new ScrollListener(),
      main = document.getElementsByClassName("main")[0],
      imageControllers = images.map((url) => {
        const controller = new ImageController(url, main);
        scrollListener.addController(controller);
      });
  </script>
</html>

Author 回答者: LMW-lmw

方案二有那么一点点抖动，这里重新实现了一下

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
      * {
        margin: 0px;
        padding: 0px;
      }
 
      body {
        margin: 0px;
        padding: 0px;
      }
 
      img {
        display: block;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
 
  <body>
    <div class="demo">
      <img
        data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2021/08/24/15/38/sand-6570980_960_720.jpg"
        alt="1"
      />
      <img
        data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/02/21/19/06/drink-84533_960_720.jpg"
        alt="2"
      />
      <img
        data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/07/18/20/26/sea-164989_960_720.jpg"
        alt="3"
      />
      <img
        data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/04/23/22/00/tree-736885_960_720.jpg"
        alt="4"
      />
      <img
        data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/03/26/21/54/yoga-2176668_960_720.jpg"
        alt="5"
      />
    </div>
  </body>
  <script>
    const demo = document.querySelectorAll("img");
    function lazy() {
      for (let elem of demo) {
        if (
          elem.getBoundingClientRect().top <
          document.documentElement.clientHeight
        ) {
          if (elem.dataset.src && elem.src == "") {
            elem.src = elem.dataset.src;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    function throttle(t, fn) {
      let time;
      return function () {
        if (!time) {
          time = setTimeout(() => {
            time = null;
            fn();
          }, t);
        }
      };
    }
    lazy();
    window.addEventListener("scroll", throttle(500, lazy));
  </script>
</html>

Author 回答者: gethin036

方法三的简单 demo

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>3.IntersectionObserver API + DataSet API</title>
    <style>

      * {
        margin: 0px;
        padding: 0px;
      }

      body {
        margin: 0px;
        padding: 0px;
      }

      img {
        width: 100%;
        height: 600px;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2021/08/24/15/38/sand-6570980_960_720.jpg" alt="1" />
    <img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/02/21/19/06/drink-84533_960_720.jpg" alt="2" />
    <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/12/15/17/16/boardwalk-569314_960_720.jpg" alt="3" />
    <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/07/18/20/26/sea-164989_960_720.jpg" alt="4" />
    <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/04/23/22/00/tree-736885_960_720.jpg" alt="5" />
    <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/03/26/21/54/yoga-2176668_960_720.jpg" alt="6" />
    <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/03/17/14/05/sparkler-677774_960_720.jpg" alt="7" />
    <script>
      const images = document.querySelectorAll('img')

      // 新的 api  IntersectionObserver
      const observer = new IntersectionObserver((changes) => {
        changes.forEach(change => {
          if (change.isIntersecting) {
            const img = change.target
            // if (img.dataset.src && img.src == "") {
            //   img.src = img.dataset.src
            // }
            img.dataset.src && img.src == "" && (img.src = img.dataset.src)
            observer.unobserve(img)
          }
        })
      })

      images.forEach(img => observer.observe(img))
    </script>
  </body>
</html>


> Author
回答者: [yanshuaidong](https://github.com/yanshuaidong)


在vue中实现图片懒加载
https://github.com/wangkaiwd/vue-image-lazy

> Author
回答者: [MSpringy](https://github.com/MSpringy)


> **方法三的简单 demo**
>
> ```
> <!DOCTYPE html>
> <html lang="en">
>   <head>
>     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
>     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
>     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
>     <title>3.IntersectionObserver API + DataSet API</title>
>     <style>
>
>       * {
>         margin: 0px;
>         padding: 0px;
>       }
>
>       body {
>         margin: 0px;
>         padding: 0px;
>       }
>
>       img {
>         width: 100%;
>         height: 600px;
>       }
>     </style>
>   </head>
>   <body>
>     <img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2021/08/24/15/38/sand-6570980_960_720.jpg" alt="1" />
>     <img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/02/21/19/06/drink-84533_960_720.jpg" alt="2" />
>     <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/12/15/17/16/boardwalk-569314_960_720.jpg" alt="3" />
>     <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/07/18/20/26/sea-164989_960_720.jpg" alt="4" />
>     <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/04/23/22/00/tree-736885_960_720.jpg" alt="5" />
>     <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/03/26/21/54/yoga-2176668_960_720.jpg" alt="6" />
>     <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/03/17/14/05/sparkler-677774_960_720.jpg" alt="7" />
>     <script>
>       const images = document.querySelectorAll('img')
>
>       // 新的 api  IntersectionObserver
>       const observer = new IntersectionObserver((changes) => {
>         changes.forEach(change => {
>           if (change.isIntersecting) {
>             const img = change.target
>             // if (img.dataset.src && img.src == "") {
>             //   img.src = img.dataset.src
>             // }
>             img.dataset.src && img.src == "" && (img.src = img.dataset.src)
>             observer.unobserve(img)
>           }
>         })
>       })
>
>       images.forEach(img => observer.observe(img))
>     </script>
>   </body>
> </html>
> ```
@gethinzz
intersectionObserver这个方式，我试了，但是第三张出现到视口的时候，下面的图片全部一起加载完毕了。。。 isIntersecting 和 intersectionRatio的值都是一致的，这跟我理解的不一样，是我理解错了吗

> Author
回答者: [croatialu](https://github.com/croatialu)


IntersectionObserver 也可以去做一些广告曝光统计。

我之前做过一个 统计 banner 广告曝光次数的需求，在用户看到这个 banner 的时候，去上报一下

> Author
回答者: [zhengaimin](https://github.com/zhengaimin)


> > **方法三的简单 demo**
> > ```
> > <!DOCTYPE html>
> > <html lang="en">
> >   <head>
> >     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
> >     <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
> >     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
> >     <title>3.IntersectionObserver API + DataSet API</title>
> >     <style>
> >
> >       * {
> >         margin: 0px;
> >         padding: 0px;
> >       }
> >
> >       body {
> >         margin: 0px;
> >         padding: 0px;
> >       }
> >
> >       img {
> >         width: 100%;
> >         height: 600px;
> >       }
> >     </style>
> >   </head>
> >   <body>
> >     <img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2021/08/24/15/38/sand-6570980_960_720.jpg" alt="1" />
> >     <img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/02/21/19/06/drink-84533_960_720.jpg" alt="2" />
> >     <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/12/15/17/16/boardwalk-569314_960_720.jpg" alt="3" />
> >     <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/07/18/20/26/sea-164989_960_720.jpg" alt="4" />
> >     <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/04/23/22/00/tree-736885_960_720.jpg" alt="5" />
> >     <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/03/26/21/54/yoga-2176668_960_720.jpg" alt="6" />
> >     <img data-src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/03/17/14/05/sparkler-677774_960_720.jpg" alt="7" />
> >     <script>
> >       const images = document.querySelectorAll('img')
> >
> >       // 新的 api  IntersectionObserver
> >       const observer = new IntersectionObserver((changes) => {
> >         changes.forEach(change => {
> >           if (change.isIntersecting) {
> >             const img = change.target
> >             // if (img.dataset.src && img.src == "") {
> >             //   img.src = img.dataset.src
> >             // }
> >             img.dataset.src && img.src == "" && (img.src = img.dataset.src)
> >             observer.unobserve(img)
> >           }
> >         })
> >       })
> >
> >       images.forEach(img => observer.observe(img))
> >     </script>
> >   </body>
> > </html>
> > ```
>
> @gethinzz intersectionObserver这个方式，我试了，但是第三张出现到视口的时候，下面的图片全部一起加载完毕了。。。 isIntersecting 和 intersectionRatio的值都是一致的，这跟我理解的不一样，是我理解错了吗

这里需要将图片给一个默认高度，因为页面滚动的时候，懒加载的图片都没有宽高，所以滚动判断会认为该元素已经在可视区域了
你可以在 img.dataset.src && img.src == "" && (img.src = img.dataset.src) 这一句上面加一个断点，就能看到懒加载图片都是破损状态，但是都在可视区域内了


> Author
回答者: [justorez](https://github.com/justorez)


`getBoundingClientRect` with loading: https://codepen.io/justorez/pen/rNbmZwz
```html
<style>
    body {
        height: 100vh;
    }
    img {
        display: block;
        width: 600px;
        margin-bottom: 10px;
    }
</style>
<script type="module">
    import { throttle } from 'https://esm.sh/lodash-es'

    const imgList = [
        'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/03/23/04/01/woman-1274056_1280.jpg',
        'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/03/06/22/57/portrait-3204843_960_720.jpg',
        'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/03/26/21/54/yoga-2176668_960_720.jpg',
        'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/08/07/16/39/girl-2605526_1280.jpg',
        'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/03/30/18/17/girl-2189247_960_720.jpg',
        'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/12/19/21/36/woman-1919143_960_720.jpg',
        'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2021/08/24/15/38/sand-6570980_960_720.jpg',
        'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/02/21/19/06/drink-84533_960_720.jpg',
        'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2013/07/18/20/26/sea-164989_960_720.jpg',
        'https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/04/23/22/00/tree-736885_960_720.jpg'
    ].map(url => {
        const img = document.createElement('img')
        img.src = 'https://www.icegif.com/wp-content/uploads/loading-icegif-1.gif'
        img.dataset.src = url
        document.body.append(img)
        return img
    })

    const lazyLoad = throttle(() => {
        for (const img of imgList) {
            if (
                img.getBoundingClientRect().top <
                document.body.clientHeight
            ) {
                if (img.dataset.src) {
                    img.src = img.dataset.src
                }
            }
        }
    }, 200)

    setTimeout(lazyLoad, 1000) // 展示 loading 效果
    document.addEventListener('scroll', lazyLoad)
</script>
```

汇总【Q019】浏览器中如何实现剪切板复制内容的功能